Bleeding Gums: Causes and What You Can Do About It

A pink streak in the sink after brushing, or blood on your floss: many people are alarmed and then skip brushing altogether. That is understandable, but usually exactly the opposite of what your gums need.

Why do gums bleed?

Healthy gums do not normally bleed with gentle brushing. Bleeding gums are usually a sign of inflammation, often caused by plaque, the soft film of bacteria that is left along the gum line. The gums react with redness, swelling and a greater tendency to bleed. This early stage is called gingivitis and is usually reversible.

What are the most common causes?

• Plaque and tartar along the gum line due to insufficient or careless cleaning
• Brushing too hard or using a toothbrush with hard bristles
• Starting to use floss or interdental brushes after a period of skipping them
• Hormonal changes, for example during pregnancy or puberty
• Smoking, which changes blood flow in the gums and can hide warning signs
• Certain medications, such as blood thinners, or conditions such as diabetes
• Vitamin deficiency or illness, in rare cases

What can you do yourself?

1. 01

   Brush gently but thoroughly Gentle

   Use a soft toothbrush and brush twice a day for about two minutes, with the bristles angled towards the gum line.

2. 02

   Keep brushing, even if it bleeds Continue

   Removing plaque is exactly what helps the gums recover. So do not stop, but brush carefully.

3. 03

   Clean between your teeth daily Between

   Use floss, interdental sticks or interdental brushes in the size that suits you.

4. 04

   Evaluate after two weeks Review

   If your gums do not improve after about one to two weeks of good care, schedule a check-up.

Do bleeding gums always mean inflammation?

Usually, but not always. Sometimes there is another cause, such as a medication, a hormonal change or a general condition. If the inflammation is not treated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which also affects the jawbone around the teeth. This can lead to receding gums, loose teeth and bad breath. The earlier it is noticed, the better it can usually be treated.

How do a dentist or dental hygienist approach it?

At a check-up the condition of your gums is assessed and, if needed, tartar and plaque are removed professionally. You receive advice on your brushing technique and on suitable tools. For a more extensive inflammation, a deeper cleaning or a treatment plan is sometimes needed. What suits your situation is decided by the practitioner after an examination.

How do you prevent your gums from bleeding again?

Once your gums have calmed down, it pays to keep up the good routine. Brush twice a day, clean between your teeth, replace your toothbrush about every three months and have regular check-ups and tartar removal. A varied diet that is not too sugary and stopping smoking also help keep gums healthy. This keeps inflammation at bay and makes more serious gum problems less likely.

When is it wise to visit the dentist?

Make an appointment if your gums keep bleeding for longer than two weeks, if bleeding occurs spontaneously, if your gums are swollen, painful or receding, if you have bad breath or a sour taste, or if teeth feel loose. Also tell your dentist if you take medication or are pregnant.